Echo Personality Disorder :: science

Echo Personality Disorder The term Echo Personality Disorder was coined by British Psychosynthesis practitioner Patrick Hurst, as a replacement term for 'Inverted Narcissism' and 'Covert Narcissism' which later terms place unwarranted emphasis on narcissistic qualities of the personality, which in many of these individuals may not be a feature at all. EPD is a highly differentiated form of Dependent Personality Disorder, marked by behaviours of compliance and a need to 'mirror' significant others -parents, spouse, friends, employer. Individuals with EPD may be attracted to relationships with individuals showing marked narcissistic traits -people who need to be mirrored or praised- though this in no way forms a "standard" or "universal pattern" as is often claimed by theorists. EPD individuals may enter into relationships with a great variety of people, though at core there is a tendency to choose situations in which unrequited love will be the outcome. These traits -choosing significant relationships where love can never be satisfactorily consumated, and the tendency to mirror significant others- were motivating features for choosing the term Echo Personality Disorder. In Greek mythology Echo was the lover of Narcissus. In this myth Echo, a forest nymph, falls in love with the egocentric youth Narcissus, and when he shows clear signs of rejecting her she persists in her attatchement, and will not be moved from her aim. She finally satisfies herself with the masochistic task of echoing back to him all that he says. This too is a central feature of EPD behaviour in relationships, where the individual will mirror, echo, and compliment another at the expense of their own self-worth and dignity. This echoing behaviour, though, does not exhaust the mythological potential of Echo, even if commentators on the myth narrow their descriptions to this single episode with Narcissus. Echo also has relations with Zeus, Hera, Pan, and Gaia, which have a different coloration to those she has with Narcissus, and has many friends in the form of other forest nymphs -"sisters" as we would call them today; attesting to the complexity we find within the Echo personality constellation. Self descriptions of EPD individuals often relate a lack of self worth, and an accompanying fear of rejection, abandonment, and loss, as a result of feeling "unacceptable" to others. These agonizing fears are a driving force behind the above-mentioned interpersonal coping style (mirroring and reflecting others). These individuals protect themselves from rejection/abandonment by acting so agreeable to others, via their mirroring capacity, that chances of re-experiencing abandonment agony is brought to a safe minimum.

Ethical Issues Reflection Essay

Organizations today are faced with many issues. A major challenge is dealing with and determining a code of ethics. Ethics involves the study of moral issues and choices (Kinicki, 2009). Many organizations today are faced with unethical behavior that occurs throughout the company. Ethical and unethical conduct is the product of a complex combination of influences (Kinicki, 2009). They stem from the individual who has their own personality and values out to the internal organizational influences such as: organizational culture, ethical codes, and organizational size and also the external organizational influences which are: political/legal, national culture, and environment. The underlying question is â€Å"Why are ethical issues a major concern for an organization?† Ethical issues can cause an organization legal problem. For example the legal issues that News Corp board member Lachian Murdoch is facing, as stated in the Wall Street Journal this week. He is charged with allegations that he was involved in an attempt by the company’s Australian unit to offer favorable coverage in return for political support in the late 1990s (Critchlow, 2011). Murdoch denies any wrong doing and stated he was never involved in lobbying. He stepped down as News Corp’s deputy chief operating officer in 2005, by remained at the company only as a nonexecutive director and a voting stakeholder (Critchlow, 2011). Research shows that illegal and unethical issues happen for several reasons. For example (1) large firms are more likely to commit illegal acts than small firms; (2) although the probability of such wrongdoing increases when resources are scarce, it is greatest when resources are plentiful; (3) illegal behavior is prevalent in fairly stable environments but is more probable in dynamic environments; (4) membership in certain industries and a history of repeated wrongdoing are also associated with illegal acts; and, (5) the type of illegal activity chosen may vary according to the particular combination of environmental and internal conditions under which a firm is operating (Sims, 1992). Other reasons ethical issues are a major concern for organizations is that  it can lead to a potential loss of profit. Experts estimated that U.S. companies lose about $600 billion a year from unethical and criminal behavior (Kinicki, 2009). In order for a business to be considered successful there profit margin has to stay up. On the other hand it has also been shown that a commitment to ethics can be potentially profitable for an organization. Evidence has suggested that profitability is enhanced by a company being honest and having corporate citizenship (Kinicki, 2009). Managers should always be prepared to encourage and focus on improving on-the-job ethics. The number one way they can do this is by behaving in an ethical manner themselves. Managers are role models whose habits and actual behavior send signals about the importance of ethics (Kinicki, 2009). Secondly it is important to develop a meaningful code of ethics. The code of ethics should be given to every employee, and supported by upper management. Also it is a good incentive to offer rewards for compliance and reprimand for noncompliance. Third it would be a great idea to provide each employee with ethics training. Employees can be properly trained to identify and deal with ethical issues through seminars, video, and internet training sessions (Kinicki, 2009). Finally managers should reinforce ethical behavior. For example when you use repetition when teaching children they tend to repeat what they are taught. Therefore if managers reinforce ethical behavior it will become a constant in t he organization. A successful ethics and compliance program improves employee engagement, heightens profitability, and diminishes risk for any company. Whether your organization has an existing compliance program or needs to build one from the bottom up, it is always the right time to make ethics and compliance training a foundation of your business. References Critchlow, Andrew;Murdoch Son Denies Lobbying Lawmaker 2011 Kinicki, A & Kreither, R. (2009). Organizational Behavior:Key Concepts, Skills, Best Practices.(Ashford 4th ed.). McGraw-Hill Sims, R.R. (1992). The Challenge of Ethical Behavior in Organizations.Journal of Business Ethics.

Pesticide Resistance Essay

Insect attack is a serious agricultural problem leading to yield losses and reduced product quality. Insects can cause damage both in the field and during storage in silos. Each year, insects destroy about 25 percent of food crops worldwide. The larvae of Ostrinia nubilalis, the European corn borer, can destroy up to 20 percent of a maize crop. European corn borer:A major pest in southern and central Europe. Insect resistant Bt maize is already being grown in Spain, France, Germany, Portugal and the Czech Republic. Western corn rootworm beetles feeding on a maize cob. Certain cultivars of Bt maize are resistant to this serious pest. GM rootworm resistant crops are not approved for cultivation in the European Union but are now being grown in the US. The â€Å"Bt concept† – pest resistant transgenic plantsBacillus thuringiensis, or Bt, is a bacterium that has attracted much attention for its use in pest control. The soil bacterium produces a protein that is toxic to various herbivorous insects. The protein, known asBt toxin, is produced in an inactive, crystalline form.When consumed by insects, the protein is converted to its active, toxic form (delta endotoxin), which in turn destroys the gut of the insect. Bt preparations are commonly used in organic agriculture to control insects, as Bt toxin occurs naturally and is completely safe for humans.More than 100 different variations of Bt toxin have been identified in diverse strains ofBacillus thuringiensis. The different variations have different target insect specificity. For example, the toxins classified under Cry1a group target Lepidoptera (butterflies), while toxins in the Cry3 group are effective against beetles.Researchers have used genetic engineering to take the bacterial genes needed to produce Bt toxins and introduce them into plants. If plants produce Bt toxin on their own, they can defend themselves against specific types of insects. This means farmers no longer have to use chemical insecticides to control certain insect problems.| Critics claim that in some cases the use of insect resistant crops can harm beneficial insects and other non-target organisms. Extensive ecological impact assessments have been addressing these issues. In the field, no significant adverse effects on non-target wildlife nor long term effects of higher Bt concentrations in soil have yet been observed. New concepts on the way Bt crops have been planted commercially for more than eight years. Other naturally occuring insecticidal compounds are now becoming available as alternatives to the Bt approach. Among these are chitinase, lectins, alpha-amylase inhibitors, proteinase inhibitors, and cystatin. Plants genetically modified to express these defense proteins are still in early stages of development.

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Expansion of ideas – No Pains, No Gains No Pains, No Gains We cannot achieve real success in any field without great efffors and plenty of sacrifice. No pain, no gains is very true in case of education. Those who aspire to reach the top of the academic ladder must work very hard. Scholars are not born scholars but made with hard work and perseverance. What a student needs the most is concentration and perseverance. We must always imbibe into us the three D's – Devotion, Dedication and Determination. These three D's have help cricketers, painters, writers, actors,  scholars, dramatists and world leaders.These three D's will help us to  succeed in our  life. ————————————————- ————————————————- No Pain, No Gain Families everywhere deal with great challenges. With each obstacle they face generally the outcome will make each individual a little bit stronger. With these experiences our perspective in life changes and we become more knowledgeable. â€Å"Girl† and â€Å"Tiger Mending† are two stories that I believe reflect this in two very different ways.Jamaica Kincaid’s â€Å"Girl† is a story about reflection. It is about a girl reflecting back upon the past. Maybe she just lost her mother or maybe she is grown and finally realizes why her mother told her all of these things. At the time, I’m sure she thought her mother was always on her and barking orders at her. She grew up in a different era. Times were different obviously then based on the way they washed their clothes. â€Å"Wash the white clothes on Monday and put them on the stone heap,† and â€Å"soak your little clothes right after you take them off. All of the things the mother said were to mold her daughter into a good stron g woman. The reference the mother makes to the daughter on not becoming a slut is kind of odd and disturbing. â€Å"On Sundays try to walk like a lady and not like the slut you are so bent on becoming,† and â€Å"this is how to behave in the presence of men who don’t know you very well, and this way they won’t recognize immediately the slut I have warned you against becoming. † This maybe the mother’s way of reverse psychology. By putting hese thoughts and references in the girl’s head, she will think twice about things she does. The girl will not want to give the wrong impression and will strive to rise above her mother’s expectations. This story refers to growth and even though it seems to be somewhat harsh, the mother is really striving for a smart productive daughter. A daughter she is proud to have raised and one who will also set a good example for her own children. Aimee Bender’s â€Å"Tiger Mending† is a story ab out change and growth. This story is about two sisters who have lost their parents and†¦ [continues]

Management (McDonald's) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Management (McDonald's) - Essay Example This was however not ethically rosy. The local business community was concerned that the aggression of the McDonald's franchise was anticompetitive and was also not auguring well with other workers in Brazil. There quick integration was considered unethical by preemption of competitors. This was formulated from their high rents that McDonald was levying from the local restaurants. Thus McDonald ended up in court for double rate rental fees factor on sales as compared to the US mother country scenario which is only 8.5%. Jordan (2000, p. A23); Korten, (2001, p. 419 -449). On the side of the unsatisfied employees, there was gripe about their reduced hours of work and shifts to evade paying overtime. The Ministry of Labor in Sao Paulo was mandated to investigate these claims that the employees claimed prevented them from working longer to earn more overtime. The global practice of McDonald is however shift based during peak hours and to achieve efficiency, this strategy was deployed to minimized work hours to up to 8 hours a week. Due to lack of strong laws, McDonald got away with these allegations and is continuing with the practice up 30 years to date. McDonald senior management claims that this is what has helped them to survive the high inflation in the Brazilian fast food market and justify by the peril of other fast food companies in the past. Jordan (2000, p. A23); Burt (1983, p. 419-420); Korten, (2001, p. 419 -449). McDonalds's Stakeholders' map by use of Sethi's Dimensions on Corporate Social Performance Sethi (1975, p. 58 -64) McDonald has a network of stakeholder as shown in the diagram above. They have owners and investors who earn share after every financial period. They have banks that have lent them money to carry out their aggressive financial expansions. They belong to various trade associations that are based in the respective regions of investment. The media companies help them in the advertisements everywhere as well as in their publicity campaigns. The transport companies that they partner with help them in the JIT deliveries. They have a range of supplies in the cereals, poultry, meat, vegetable, ice cream ingredients and other food and drink soft products. They have recycling companies that help them on the collected packaging and wraps to avoid pollution. They have customers from children, youth, men and women. There is pressure group such as the case in Brazil that felt the Macdonald was preempting the potential competitors. Naylor (2004, PPT. 5.3); Sethi, (1975, p. 58-64). McDonald also has got trade unions who sued them like in the case at Brazil for 'under employment.' They have millions of employees World wide. The European Union has also been stepping up regulations to the McDonald in relation to some trendy health concerns about some of their foods. The governments are related to them in the provision of business environment and tax collection. The local governments have been allowing them to set specific number of store while regulating competition. The business community is mainly composed of potential fast food restaurants who would like to see a level playing field of investment. The legal system is there to ensure that McDonald adheres to the standing law and order. Naylor (2004, PPT.

PETCOs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

PETCOs - Essay Example This discussion highlights that the strategic move of re-privatizing will help the company in certain aspects, but it will also have bad consequences. One of the benefits of going private is that company does not have to comply with SEC regulations including the Sarbanes-Oxley Act which costs millions of dollars a year to comply with. Becoming private increases the power of the ownership team. Some of the cons of not being public are the inability to raise capital in a liquid marketplace such as the NYSE or NASDAQ. I thought that the company acted unethically and did not comply with the FDA mandate when they re-privatize because by not being public they were not obligated to comply with the demands of the FDA. Private companies are not able to build as much goodwill as publicly traded companies. The author believes that PETCO’s reputation covers its entire supply chain. When a breeder they do business with mistreats animals it reflects badly on the image of the company. The firm has to drop the supplier of help them fix the problem to comply with state regulations. The scandal associated with unsanitary conditions at a PETCO warehouse reflected on the company. The company also did not react quickly enough the fix the problems as the firm’s stakeholders expected. The company in the future has to react faster to issues that can hurt its corporate.

Analysis the poster of the pursuit of happiness Essay

Analysis the poster of the pursuit of happiness - Essay Example The image text vividly demonstrates logos by engaging us in a reasoned discussion about parent-teacher or father-son relationships (Pursuit of Happiness). It seems to recommend an appropriate model which is to bring along with us everyone who brings happiness and means the world to us. Also, the photo demonstrates a huge and tall parent (Pursuit of Happiness). This can be analyzed to imply strength and protection. On the other hand, the undersized son does not necessarily symbolize the opposite. Rather, the small son embodies an image of security. The father looking down on the son might also mean a person watching over their treasure. Furthermore, the son looking away is likely to create an image of a little person content with the protection they receive and enjoy. As discussed, there is a more subtle message underlying the image text. Pathos is the next rhetoric device in discussion. Pathos entails all the possible feelings a text-image inspires in the audience. In this case, the son leaning towards the reassuring father creates a feeling of passionate love between the two. Another imperative aspect is the emotions expressed in their faces. The father is half-smiling while the son wears a broad smile (Pursuit of Happiness). The suggestion is clear. The individuals share immense joy. The same feeling is passed on to the attentive members of the audience. The devices to be discussed next belong to the second set earlier referred to as ‘visual’ devices. What is meant by that is that they are perceived best by the eye. First on the list is foregrounding/ back-grounding. In the background, we can see the sun disappearing around the point just below where the pair are clutching hands. This is a symbol perhaps of retiring to a place of comfort possibly home after a long and tiresome day. Also, in the background we can see a city (Pursuit of Happiness). It implies these are individuals seeking the comfort of home after maybe a